{"id":635,"date":"2025-08-10T21:18:37","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T21:18:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/krav.vn\/index.php\/2025\/08\/10\/nghe-thuat-truyen-thong\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T05:53:39","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T05:53:39","slug":"nghe-thuat-truyen-thong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/krav.vn\/index.php\/2025\/08\/10\/nghe-thuat-truyen-thong\/","title":{"rendered":"Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n
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H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n “Yeominrak (c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb ni\u1ec1m vui v\u1edbi b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh)”, lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a Vua Sejong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Joseon.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Gugak (\u00e2m nh\u1ea1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c)<\/span><\/p>\n

Gugak l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. Gugak c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi song song v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c H\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 15, khi vua Sejong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c cung \u0111\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng Yurangakbo (m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00e2m) th\u00e0nh Jeongganbo – t\u1eadp b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ghi ch\u00e9p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho d\u00f2ng nh\u1ea1c cung \u0111\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vua Sejong \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra Jeongganbo, ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c “Jongmyo Jeryeak” \u2013 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ho\u00e0ng gia t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd Jongmyo (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001) v\u00e0 “Yeomillak” (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c). V\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Joseon khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi “Gugak” l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi Jangagwon (Ch\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea1c vi\u1ec7n – m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan trong tri\u1ec1u Joseon ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c trong cung) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi nh\u1ea1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. <\/p>\n

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\u00c2m nh\u1ea1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: Jeongak v\u00e0 Jeongga (nh\u1ea1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong cung \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c Joseon, Pansori c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1ea1c d\u00e2n gian Sanjo, Jeongjae l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n trong cung cho nh\u00e0 vua, Salpuri, Seungmu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa d\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n

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Jeongak l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giai t\u1ea7ng cao trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u01b0a y\u00eau th\u00edch nh\u01b0 gungjungeumak (nh\u1ea1c cung \u0111\u00ecnh), Youngsangwesang (b\u00e0i h\u00e1t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb 8-9 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t ng\u1eafn), Gagok (lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh h\u00e1t ph\u1ed5 nh\u1ea1c t\u1eeb th\u01a1), Sijo (ng\u00e2m th\u01a1). C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c g\u1ed3m nh\u1ea1c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea1c musokeumak (nh\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng), Beompae (ph\u1ea1m b\u00e1i – b\u00e0i h\u00e1t hay k\u1ec7 t\u00e1n ca ng\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt), Minyo (d\u00e2n ca), Pansori, Japga (t\u1ea1p ca) v\u00e0 Sanjo (lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gia \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111i t\u1eeb ch\u1eadm t\u1edbi nhanh gi\u00fap l\u00e0m tan \u0111i n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n) c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Minsogak (nh\u1ea1c d\u00e2n gian).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t d\u00e2n ca, “Arirang” l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u00e0o Danh s\u00e1ch di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012. C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi b\u00e0i h\u00e1t v\u00e0 giai \u0111i\u1ec7u Arirang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 Miryang, Jeongseon, Jindo. Nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n Gugak c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m h\u01a1n 60 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 s\u00e1o, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0n d\u00e2y, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1ng, nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 g\u00f5 c\u00f9ng h\u00f2a \u00e2m v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 d\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m Gayageum, Geomungo, Ajaeng, Pipa v\u00e0 Haegeum, nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 h\u01a1i bao g\u1ed3m Daegeum, sao, Danso v\u00e0 Taepeongso. Nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 g\u00f5 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng, Kkwaenggwari (ph\u00e8ng), Janggu (tr\u1ed1ng phong y\u00eau), Jing (chi\u00eang) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\nM\u00faa d\u00e2n gian<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa d\u00e2n gian \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 Salpurichum (\u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa l\u00e0m trong s\u1ea1ch linh h\u1ed3n), Gutchum (\u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa nghi l\u1ec5 Shaman), Taepyeongmu (\u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh), Hallyangchumg (\u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1eddi). Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Buchaechum (m\u00faa qu\u1ea1t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea1t v\u00e0 Geommu (m\u00faa ki\u1ebfm) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfm. Seungmu (\u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u01b0) c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u truy\u1ec1n cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa d\u00e2n gian, Talchum (m\u00faa m\u1ea1\u0306t n\u1ea1) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1eb9\u0302u m\u00faa nh\u1eb1m ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c khi \u0111eo m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa Nongak (\u0111i\u1eb9\u0302u m\u00faa nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1eb9\u0302u m\u00faa c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng b\u1ed9i thu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t cho \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c d\u00e2n gian. Trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u00faa Talchum ho\u1eb7c Nongak, c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Kkwaenggwari (c\u1ed3ng chi\u00eang) ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Buchaechum<\/p>\n

Buchaechum (m\u00faa qu\u1ea1t)<\/span>
\u0110i\u1ec7u m\u00faa d\u00e2n gian truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n trong trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hanbok v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc qu\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"Myeong-Seon<\/p>\n

“Myeong Seon” (suy ng\u1eabm c\u00f9ng tr\u00e0) c\u1ee7a Chusa Kim Jeong Hui (1786-1856) (tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Joseon, th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch ho\u1ea1 trong c\u00e1c l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ed5, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 v\u00e0 tinh x\u1ea3o trong n\u00e9t v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Goguryeo, Baekje v\u00e0 Silla. Theo d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, phong c\u00e1ch m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i do ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y sang Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Goryeo, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh, c\u00f2n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Joseon l\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng tranh Muninhwa (tranh th\u1ee7y m\u1eb7c). Ri\u00eang tranh s\u01a1n th\u1ee7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 hoa lan, hoa c\u00fac, c\u00e2y tr\u00fac, hoa mai – b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y, hoa \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho qu\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 h\u1ed5, h\u01b0\u01a1u, h\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 18, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh Pungsokdo m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng thay v\u00ec cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tranh n\u00e0y ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Kim Hong Do v\u00e0 Sin Yun Bok v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu c\u00e1i n\u00f3ng b\u00ean b\u1edd su\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft trong tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm nh\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c, tuy l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ri\u00eang c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c nho s\u0129 g\u1ecdi b\u00fat l\u00f4ng, m\u1ef1c t\u00e0u, gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean m\u00e0i m\u1ef1c l\u00e0 “v\u0103n phong t\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o”. <\/p>\n

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Kim Jeong Hui (1786 – 1856) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ngay c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo b\u00fat danh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch Chusa.<\/p>\n

\"Ssireum<\/p>\n

Tranh “\u0110\u1ea5u v\u1eadt H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c” c\u1ee7a Danwon Kim Hong Do (1745-1806) (tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Joseon, th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 18)<\/span>
B\u1ee9c tranh ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda khung c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eadt, m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 ng\u1ed3i xem xung quanh, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c khung c\u1ea3nh, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong tranh.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Kiln<\/p>\n

Khu l\u00f2 nung \u1edf Gangjin, t\u1ec9nh Jeollanam-do<\/span>
Di ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00f2 nung c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u1edf Gangjin, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m tr\u00e1ng men ng\u1ecdc b\u00edch th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Goryeo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh Cheongja (g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 xanh) v\u00e0 Baekja (g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 tr\u1eafng). G\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 xanh ng\u1ecdc b\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c trong kho\u1ea3ng 700 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3 men ng\u1ecdc kh\u1ea3m, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o hoa v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111en, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Gangjin \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Jeollanam-do v\u00e0 Buan \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Jeollabuk-do l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00f2 g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 xanh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

G\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c trong kho\u1ea3ng 100 \u0111\u1ebfn 600 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. G\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 tr\u1eafng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 tr\u1eafng tinh khi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, s\u1ee9 tr\u1eafng xanh c\u00f3 hoa v\u0103n v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u xanh coban, s\u1ee9 tr\u1eafng hoa v\u0103n \u0111\u1ecf v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 \u00f4xi h\u00f3a. Coban l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m qu\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb Ba T\u01b0 qua Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/div>\n

\nL\u00f2 g\u1ed1m Ho\u00e0ng gia (l\u00f2 g\u1ed1m do qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do. T\u1eeb 400 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n sang Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n do nh\u1eefng th\u1ee3 g\u1ed1m Joseon b\u1ecb b\u1eaft c\u00f3c trong cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 xanh v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Buncheong l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1m th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh trong 500 \u0111\u1ebfn 600 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 g\u1ed1m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Goryeo, v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ra l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t vong v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00f2 g\u1ed1m b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tranh v\u1ebd, th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u1edf Insadong, Seoul m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\"(Clockwise<\/p>\n

B\u00ecnh g\u1ed1m xanh v\u1edbi h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft hoa m\u1eabu \u0111\u01a1n (Goryeo, th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 12)<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00ecnh g\u1ed1m xanh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0a l\u00ea (Goryeo, th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 12)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Buncheong<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

B\u00ecnh g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 Buncheong v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t ti\u1ebft d\u00e2y leo hoa sen (Joseon, th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 15)<\/span><\/p>\n

\nB\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m s\u1ee9 tr\u1eafng h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft d\u00e2y th\u1eebng (Joseon, th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 16)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u0129 ngh\u1ec7<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y su\u1ed1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 t\u1ee7 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, t\u1ee7 ngang d\u00e0i, b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf t\u1eeb g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb tre, m\u00e2y, c\u1ecf d\u00f9, \u0111\u1eadu t\u00eda. H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea5y Hanji \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 v\u00e0 b\u00fap b\u00ea ho\u1eb7c gh\u00e9p gi\u1ea5y Hanji l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng nh\u1ef1a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb v\u1ecf c\u00e2y s\u01a1n m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u00ed b\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd, h\u1ed9p trang \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 may v\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1n s\u1eebng b\u00f2 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trang tr\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh c\u1eaft t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c trang tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng v\u1ecf s\u00f2, v\u1ecf b\u00e0o ng\u01b0. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef bao g\u1ed3m th\u00eau th\u00f9a v\u00e0 th\u1eaft ch\u1ec9. Th\u00eau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o hoa v\u0103n tr\u00ean v\u1ea3i trang tr\u00ed cho Hanbok, b\u00ecnh phong v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7m ng\u1ed3i, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Norigae (ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n trang tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eaft c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 to th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Ngo\u00e0i th\u00eau v\u00e0 th\u1eaft ch\u1ec9, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhu\u1ed9m v\u1ea3i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Two-Tier<\/p>\n

T\u1ee7 hai t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ef1ng qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o<\/span>
\nChi\u1ebfc t\u1ee7 g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ef1ng qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng x\u00e0 c\u1eeb \u1edf c\u1eeda t\u1ee7 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cho c\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfc t\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea3i t\u00f3c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

V\u1ea3i nhu\u1ed9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n “Yeominrak (c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb ni\u1ec1m vui v\u1edbi b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh)”, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":636,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-han-quoc","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/krav.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/635","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/krav.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/krav.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/krav.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/krav.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=635"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/krav.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/635\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":893,"href":"https:\/\/krav.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/635\/revisions\/893"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/krav.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/636"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/krav.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=635"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/krav.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=635"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/krav.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=635"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}